Glutationa
Unlike NMN/NAC/Resveratrol, glutathione IS TECHNICALLY A PEPTIDE — a tripeptide composed of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine (gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly). It is the primary intracellular antioxidant in the body and plays a central role in hepatic detoxification, immune function, and protection against oxidative stress. Levels decline with age.
Last updated:: 13/04/2026
Research Status
ANVISA (Brazil)
Compounding only
FDA (USA)
Approved
EMA (Europe)
Approved
Mechanism of Action
Glutathione acts as a free radical scavenger, regenerates other antioxidants (vitamins C and E), conjugates toxins in the liver for excretion, and modulates immune function. The enzyme glutathione peroxidase uses GSH to neutralize hydrogen peroxide. It also regulates cell signaling and gene expression via redox reactions.
Study Protocols
Dosages and regimens used in published clinical studies. This does not constitute a medical prescription.
Antioxidante / detoxificação
Oral (lipossomal) ou IntravenosaGlutationa lipossomal aumenta estoques corporais em 30–35% após 2 semanas. Via oral não lipossomal tem absorção muito limitada.
Benefits
Intracellular antioxidant
ProvenProven to be the primary endogenous antioxidant. GSH levels are a marker of cellular health.
Liver support
ProvenEssential for phase 2 hepatic detoxification. Used clinically in liver diseases and intoxications.
Oral supplementation
Under researchLiposomal form increases GSH levels in humans. Conventional supplementation has limited absorption — NAC is often preferred as it indirectly increases endogenous GSH.
View studySkin lightening
Under researchPopular in aesthetic clinics for skin lightening. Clinical evidence is limited and the mechanism is controversial.
Risks and Side Effects
Low oral absorption
Low(Conventional form)Conventional oral glutathione is degraded in the intestine. Liposomal forms or intravenous administration are alternatives, but cost is higher.
Intravenous use for skin lightening
Moderate(Variable)IV glutathione use for skin lightening carries risks: allergic reactions, kidney problems, and infections from poor practice. ANVISA has issued a warning against off-label use.
Internet vs. Science
What people say online compared to the actual scientific evidence.
Intravenous glutathione permanently lightens the skin
Partially trueWhat they claim
IV glutathione application at aesthetic clinics for 'skin lightening'.
Actual evidence
Clinical evidence is limited and ANVISA does not approve use for lightening. There are reports of adverse events. Effects are temporary when they occur.
Taking oral glutathione increases your levels
Partially trueWhat they claim
Glutathione capsules increase glutathione in the body.
Actual evidence
Conventional oral glutathione has very low bioavailability — it is degraded in the intestine. Liposomal forms have better absorption. NAC (a precursor) is often more effective at increasing endogenous GSH.
| Claim | O que dizem | Evidência real | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intravenous glutathione permanently lightens the skin | IV glutathione application at aesthetic clinics for 'skin lightening'. | Clinical evidence is limited and ANVISA does not approve use for lightening. There are reports of adverse events. Effects are temporary when they occur. | Partially true |
| Taking oral glutathione increases your levels | Glutathione capsules increase glutathione in the body. | Conventional oral glutathione has very low bioavailability — it is degraded in the intestine. Liposomal forms have better absorption. NAC (a precursor) is often more effective at increasing endogenous GSH. | Partially true |
Studies and References (1)
Ly J, Lagman M, Saing T, et al. — Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research (2018) — n=30
Suplementação com glutationa lipossomal aumentou níveis de GSH e melhorou função imune em pacientes HIV.
PubMedFrequently Asked Questions
Is glutathione really a peptide?
Yes. Glutathione is technically a tripeptide (3 amino acids: glutamate, cysteine, glycine). Unlike NMN, NAC, or resveratrol, it fits the definition of a peptide. It is classified in this database as an immunological peptide.
Important notice
This content is strictly informational and educational, based on published scientific research. It does not constitute medical advice, prescription, or encouragement to use any substance. Always consult a qualified physician before starting any treatment.
Where to Buy
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