MOTS-c
Peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA that acts as an exercise hormone (exercise mimetic). Regulates glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and energy homeostasis. Considered one of the most promising mitochondrial peptides for metabolism and longevity.
Last updated:: 06/04/2026
Research Status
ANVISA (Brazil)
Not regulated
FDA (USA)
Not regulated
EMA (Europe)
Not regulated
Mechanism of Action
MOTS-c is a 16-amino acid peptide encoded by the mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA gene. It acts as a mitokine — a hormone secreted by mitochondria that acts systemically. It activates the AMPK pathway, improves muscular glucose uptake, increases fatty acid metabolism, and regulates the folate pathway. In response to metabolic stress, it translocates to the cell nucleus where it regulates gene expression.
Study Protocols
Dosages and regimens used in published clinical studies. This does not constitute a medical prescription.
Metabolismo / resistência à insulina
Subcutânea (SC)Peptídeo mitocondrial. Regula homeostase metabólica via AMPK. Melhora sensibilidade à insulina em camundongos obesos. Dados humanos ainda limitados.
Benefits
Mimics physical exercise
Under researchMouse studies demonstrate that MOTS-c activates metabolic pathways similar to exercise, including AMPK activation and improved muscular glucose uptake.
View studyInsulin sensitivity
Under researchImproves diet-induced insulin resistance in animal models. The first human clinical study (phase 1) was published in 2023.
View studyObesity protection
Under researchPrevents diet-induced weight gain in mice on hypercaloric diets. Increases energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation.
Risks and Side Effects
Very limited clinical data
Moderate(Unknown)Only one phase 1 clinical study published in humans (2023, n=10). Long-term safety profile completely unknown.
Internet vs. Science
What people say online compared to the actual scientific evidence.
Replaces physical exercise
FalseWhat they claim
Called 'exercise in a pill' — take MOTS-c and skip the gym.
Actual evidence
Activates some exercise-like pathways in animal models but does not replicate all benefits of exercise (cardiovascular, mental, bone). Only 1 published human study. Does not replace exercise.
| Claim | O que dizem | Evidência real | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Replaces physical exercise | Called 'exercise in a pill' — take MOTS-c and skip the gym. | Activates some exercise-like pathways in animal models but does not replicate all benefits of exercise (cardiovascular, mental, bone). Only 1 published human study. Does not replace exercise. | False |
Studies and References (2)
Reynolds JC, Lai RW, Woodhead JST, et al. — Nature Communications (2021)
MOTS-c é induzido por exercício em humanos e camundongos. Melhora performance física e homeostase muscular em camundongos idosos.
PubMedLee C, Zeng J, Drew BG, et al. — Cell Metabolism (2015)
Identificação do MOTS-c como peptídeo mitocondrial que regula metabolismo de glicose via ativação de AMPK. Previne obesidade e resistência à insulina em camundongos.
PubMedFrequently Asked Questions
Is MOTS-c natural to the body?
Yes. MOTS-c is naturally produced by human mitochondria and its circulating levels decline with age. It is the first hormonal peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA (not nuclear) to be identified.
Important notice
This content is strictly informational and educational, based on published scientific research. It does not constitute medical advice, prescription, or encouragement to use any substance. Always consult a qualified physician before starting any treatment.
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