SS-31
Mitochondria-targeted peptide that penetrates directly into the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing cardiolipin and restoring cellular energy production. One of the most researched peptides for mitochondrial diseases and cellular aging.
Last updated:: 06/04/2026
Research Status
ANVISA (Brazil)
Not regulated
FDA (USA)
Not regulated
EMA (Europe)
Not regulated
Mechanism of Action
SS-31 is a tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) that selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane, binding to cardiolipin. This interaction stabilizes the electron transport chain, reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and restores cellular bioenergetics. Unlike conventional antioxidants, it acts directly at the source of oxidative stress.
Study Protocols
Dosages and regimens used in published clinical studies. This does not constitute a medical prescription.
Proteção mitocondrial / insuficiência cardíaca
Subcutânea (SC) ou Intravenosa (IV)Elamipretide (Bendavia). Alvo: cardiolipina da membrana mitocondrial interna. Ensaios clínicos em insuficiência cardíaca e miopatias mitocondriais.
Benefits
Mitochondrial protection
ProvenMultiple clinical studies demonstrate improved mitochondrial function. Reduces oxidative stress directly at the source (mitochondria).
View studyCardioprotection
Under researchPhase 2 studies in heart failure (EMBRACE) showed improved ventricular function. Phase 3 (PROGRESS-HF) did not reach the primary endpoint but showed positive signals.
View studyCellular anti-aging
Under researchAnimal model studies demonstrate reversal of age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction. Improves kidney, cardiac, and muscle function in aged animals.
Risks and Side Effects
Injection site reaction
Low(Common)Pain, redness, or swelling at the subcutaneous injection site. Generally mild.
Uncertain clinical efficacy
Moderate(N/A)The phase 3 PROGRESS-HF study for heart failure did not reach the primary endpoint, raising questions about translational clinical efficacy.
Internet vs. Science
What people say online compared to the actual scientific evidence.
Reverses cellular aging
Partially trueWhat they claim
Promoted as the most potent anti-aging peptide, capable of reversing decades of mitochondrial damage.
Actual evidence
Demonstrates real mitochondrial protection in studies, but 'reversing aging' is an exaggeration. Improves mitochondrial function in aged animal models, but clinical results in humans are mixed.
| Claim | O que dizem | Evidência real | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reverses cellular aging | Promoted as the most potent anti-aging peptide, capable of reversing decades of mitochondrial damage. | Demonstrates real mitochondrial protection in studies, but 'reversing aging' is an exaggeration. Improves mitochondrial function in aged animal models, but clinical results in humans are mixed. | Partially true |
Studies and References (2)
Thompson WR, Manuel R, Baldo G, et al. — Circulation: Heart Failure (2021) — n=12
Elamipretide melhorou a distância no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos em pacientes com Síndrome de Barth, uma doença mitocondrial rara.
PubMedSiegel MP, Kruse SE, Percival JM, et al. — Aging Cell (2013)
SS-31 reverteu declínio muscular relacionado à idade em camundongos, restaurando função mitocondrial e reduzindo estresse oxidativo.
PubMedFrequently Asked Questions
Is SS-31 approved for any condition?
No. Elamipretide (SS-31) is in clinical development by Stealth BioTherapeutics. It received orphan drug designation for Barth Syndrome and primary mitochondrial myopathy, but has no regulatory approval in any country.
Important notice
This content is strictly informational and educational, based on published scientific research. It does not constitute medical advice, prescription, or encouragement to use any substance. Always consult a qualified physician before starting any treatment.
Not Yet Available
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